REFLECTOR: FAR 91.109

[Patrick Horvath]

I am an instructor (CFII-MEI).  The definition we use for Dual Controls is ability to control the aircraft from either seat - as opposed to a side-by-side where there was only a stick on one side, or a Bonanza-style throw-over yoke. 

There is a good AOPA discussion of Dual Flight Controls that focused on dual brakes but gives some clarification for this too (http://www.aopa.org/whatsnew/regulatory/regdual.html). They said: "The term "dual controls" under section 91.109(a) refers to flight controls (e.g. pitch, yaw, and roll controls). These flight controls are the only required dual controls for the purposes of meeting the requirements under section 91.109(a)."  Center stick therefore qualifies for aileron/elevator control from both seats.  That should also address the question about dual throttle.

As the instructor, as long as I can control the aircraft from my seat, and I determine the flight can be conducted safely, I can provide instruction and/or flight review in center stick aircraft.  

Hope that helps.

Patrick Horvath


Sent from my iPad

On Sep 23, 2011, at 1:26 PM, Michael Watson <mikewatsspg at gmail.com> wrote:

> Hi All,
> 
> I was reading through the FAR's in preparation for my Bi-Annual when I ran into this statement
> in FAR 91.109.
> 
> No person may operate a civil aircraft (except a manned free balloon) that is being used for flight instruction or Flight review unless that aircraft has fully functioning dual controls
> 
> 28. May I get a flight review in an aircraft that does
> not have dual controls?
> 
> No. FAR 61.56 specifically requires “flight instruction,”
> to be given during a flight review. FAR 91.109
> requires that all flight instruction be given in aircraft
> equipped with dual controls. The only exception to
> this requirement is simulated instrument flight in a
> single-engine aircraft with a single throw-over
> control wheel.
> 
> 
> Dose that mean that one cannot do his/her flight review in a Velocity with a center stick ?????. Or did I misread it.  Comments.
> 
> -- 
> Mike W.
> 1997 Velocity Elite RG
> Franklin /IVO Electric CS
> Dual GRT EFIS HX Synthetic Vision
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