REFLECTOR:Trailing Edge

Al Gietzen reflector@tvbf.org
Sat, 24 Jan 2004 13:02:38 -0800


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Has anyone made an effort to determine optimum shape/size of the fences.
In

a post several months ago, there was a discussion that oversized fences
seem

to inhibit turning but that most of the "gain" from the fences were
still

realized even with the smaller fences that we are seeing. And, the
single

most effective fence location was inboard of the ailerons (if I recall

correctly).

=20

Here is my version of trailing edge fence - freshly primed.  The height
at the trailing edge is 4 =BD=94.  They start about 19=94 forward of the
trailing edge (standard wing), just guessing forward of where flow
separation may begin in worst case.  The fence extends about 2=94 back =
of
the edge, and the center of curvature of the back edge of the fence is
the aileron hinge line.  Seemed to make sense keep the edge a fixed
distance back from the aileron.  They are aligned with the fuselage
centerline.

=20

I based this design on the results of tuft testing on the EZs, and some
looks at Danny=92s trailer tuft testing.  The flow separation crept
forward and got thicker as angle of attack increased; and there was
spanwise flow outward under the separated flow.  Until some folks do
some tuft testing with different shapes, and with and without the
various aerodynamic adjusters =96 fences, vortilons, VGs =96 on our
airplane, it is difficult to know the =93best=94 approach.  In some
respects, these devices do to same things; in other respects quite
different.  Meanwhile, I=92ll express my opinion based on study of the
tuft tests and what (little) I know about aerodynamics.

=20

I disagree, at least to a degree, that the vortilons and the VGs play
very different rolls.  The main function of the VGs is to generate a
vortex over the upper wing surface at high angles of attack, thereby
breaking up the spanwise flow and encouraging the flow to remain
attached.  VGs do the same thing, most likely more effectively on a
smaller scale. So there is some overlap of function.

=20

The fences provide a means of stopping the spanwise flow, which is the
worst coming down off the sides of the fuselage, and heading outward.
Without VGs some spanwise flow probably re-establishes outboard of the
first fence, which to me seems the only reason to have more fences
outboard of the aileron.  Having them out there probably provides
further stability, but would expect to reduce roll rate.

=20

VGs probably cause more drag a high speed than a fence, and the
vortilons likely cause negligible drag except at high angles of attack.
I=92m going to guess that a roughly optimum arrangement for increased =
low
speed response, good roll rate and minimum drag is having a fence
inboard of the aileron, and a few VGs forward of the aileron; probably
on the outer half of the aileron length.  And leave the vortilons where
they are.  Like I said, it=92s my guess.

=20

The tuft testing on the EZs showed little deviation from straight back
flow on the underside of the wing at any flyable speed.  That leads me
to wonder why Klaus suggests that the fence should extend below the
wing, but wouldn=92t disagree.  Until there is solid evidence to the
contrary, I see no reason not install the vortilons as specified, even
with the installation of VGs.

=20

And all these conclusions are only worth what it cost you.  I didn=92t =
do
any flight testing on my airplane =96 yet.

=20

Al

=20

Oh BTW; that aileron fence?  Corrugated cardboard core =96 another
inovation.  Couldn=92t locate any thin foam, and knew that mostly what =
was
needed was to maintain airspace between the fine BID plys until they
cured.  After cutting out I recessed and filled around the edges with
micro.  After glassing to the wing they are very rigid, very light, and
just under 3/16=94 thick. =20


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<div class=3DSection1>

<p class=3DMsoPlainText><font size=3D2 face=3DNimrod><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt'>Has
anyone made an effort to determine optimum shape/size of the fences. =
In</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoPlainText><font size=3D2 face=3DNimrod><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt'>a
post several months ago, there was a discussion that oversized fences =
seem</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoPlainText><font size=3D2 face=3DNimrod><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt'>to
inhibit turning but that most of the &quot;gain&quot; from the fences =
were
still</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoPlainText><font size=3D2 face=3DNimrod><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt'>realized
even with the smaller fences that we are seeing. And, the =
single</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoPlainText><font size=3D2 face=3DNimrod><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt'>most
effective fence location was inboard of the ailerons (if I =
recall</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoPlainText><font size=3D2 face=3DNimrod><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt'>correctly).</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoPlainText><font size=3D2 face=3DNimrod><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoPlainText><font size=3D2 face=3DVerdana><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:Verdana'>Here is my version of trailing edge fence - freshly =
primed.=A0
The height at the trailing edge is 4 =BD&#8221;. =A0They start about =
19&#8221;
forward of the trailing edge (standard wing), just guessing forward of =
where
flow separation may begin in worst case. =A0The fence extends about =
2&#8221; back
of the edge, and the center of curvature of the back edge of the fence =
is the
aileron hinge line. =A0Seemed to make sense keep the edge a fixed =
distance back
from the aileron.=A0 They are aligned with the fuselage =
centerline.</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoPlainText><font size=3D2 color=3Dblack =
face=3DVerdana><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black'>&nbsp;</span><=
/font></p>

<p class=3DMsoPlainText><font size=3D2 color=3Dblack =
face=3DVerdana><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black'>I based this =
design on
the results of tuft testing on the EZs, and some looks at Danny&#8217;s =
trailer
tuft testing.=A0 The flow separation crept forward and got thicker as =
angle of
attack increased; and there was spanwise flow outward under the =
separated flow.
=A0Until some folks do some tuft testing with different shapes, and with =
and
without the various aerodynamic adjusters &#8211; fences, vortilons, VGs =
&#8211;
on our airplane, it is difficult to know the &#8220;best&#8221; =
approach.=A0 In
some respects, these devices do to same things; in other respects quite
different.=A0 Meanwhile, I&#8217;ll express my opinion based on study of =
the tuft
tests and what (little) I know about aerodynamics.</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoPlainText><font size=3D2 color=3Dblack =
face=3DVerdana><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black'>&nbsp;</span><=
/font></p>

<p class=3DMsoPlainText><font size=3D2 color=3Dblack =
face=3DVerdana><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black'>I disagree, =
at least
to a degree, that the vortilons and the VGs play very different =
rolls.=A0 The
main function of the VGs is to generate a vortex over the upper wing =
surface at
high angles of attack, thereby breaking up the spanwise flow and =
encouraging
the flow to remain attached. =A0VGs do the same thing, most likely more
effectively on a smaller scale. So there is some overlap of =
function.</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoPlainText><font size=3D2 color=3Dblack =
face=3DVerdana><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black'>&nbsp;</span><=
/font></p>

<p class=3DMsoPlainText><font size=3D2 color=3Dblack =
face=3DVerdana><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black'>The fences =
provide a
means of stopping the spanwise flow, which is the worst coming down off =
the
sides of the fuselage, and heading outward.=A0 Without VGs some spanwise =
flow
probably re-establishes outboard of the first fence, which to me seems =
the only
reason to have more fences outboard of the aileron.=A0 Having them out =
there
probably provides further stability, but would expect to reduce roll =
rate.</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoPlainText><font size=3D2 color=3Dblack =
face=3DVerdana><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black'>&nbsp;</span><=
/font></p>

<p class=3DMsoPlainText><font size=3D2 color=3Dblack =
face=3DVerdana><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black'>VGs probably =
cause
more drag a high speed than a fence, and the vortilons likely cause =
negligible
drag except at high angles of attack. =A0I&#8217;m going to guess that a =
roughly
optimum arrangement for increased low speed response, good roll rate and
minimum drag is having a fence inboard of the aileron, and a few VGs =
forward of
the aileron; probably on the outer half of the aileron length.=A0 And =
leave the vortilons
where they are.=A0 Like I said, it&#8217;s my guess.</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoPlainText><font size=3D2 color=3Dblack =
face=3DVerdana><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black'>&nbsp;</span><=
/font></p>

<p class=3DMsoPlainText><font size=3D2 color=3Dblack =
face=3DVerdana><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black'>The tuft =
testing on
the EZs showed little deviation from straight back flow on the underside =
of the
wing at any flyable speed. =A0That leads me to wonder why Klaus suggests =
that the
fence should extend below the wing, but wouldn&#8217;t disagree.=A0 =
Until there
is solid evidence to the contrary, I see no reason not install the =
vortilons as
specified, even with the installation of VGs.</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoPlainText><font size=3D2 color=3Dblack =
face=3DVerdana><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black'>&nbsp;</span><=
/font></p>

<p class=3DMsoPlainText><font size=3D2 color=3Dblack =
face=3DVerdana><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black'>And all these
conclusions are only worth what it cost you.=A0 I didn&#8217;t do any =
flight
testing on my airplane &#8211; yet.</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoPlainText><font size=3D2 color=3Dblack =
face=3DVerdana><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black'>&nbsp;</span><=
/font></p>

<p class=3DMsoPlainText><font size=3D2 color=3Dblack =
face=3DVerdana><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black'>Al</span></fon=
t></p>

<p class=3DMsoPlainText><font size=3D2 color=3Dblack =
face=3DVerdana><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black'>&nbsp;</span><=
/font></p>

<p class=3DMsoPlainText><font size=3D2 color=3Dblack =
face=3DVerdana><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black'>Oh BTW; that =
aileron
fence?=A0 Corrugated cardboard core &#8211; another inovation.=A0 =
Couldn&#8217;t
locate any thin foam, and knew that mostly what was needed was to =
maintain
airspace between the fine BID plys until they cured. =A0After cutting =
out I recessed
and filled around the edges with micro.=A0 After glassing to the wing =
they are
very rigid, very light, and just under 3/16&#8221; thick.=A0 =
</span></font></p>

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